Scientists dug up a Paleolithic tooth that shows signs that these hominins may have been capable of executing a precise dental procedure.

A study from U.S. and Chinese researchers suggests Neanderthals and early modern humans probably had similar cognitive abilities

A tooth discovered in a Siberian cave shows our extinct cousins used stone tools to conduct dental treatment.

Neanderthals survived from roughly 400,000 to 40,000 years ago, when they mysteriously disappeared. Mike Kemp / In Pictures / Getty Images Neanderthals lived successfully across Eurasia for hundreds of thousands of years, starting around 400,000 years ago.

Roughly 59,000 years ago, deep inside a limestone cave in what is now the Altai Mountains of Siberia, a Neanderthal sat with a rotting molar. Someone picked up a sharp stone tool, scraped into the decayed tooth,

Chinese scientists obtain the first molecular evidence of interbreeding between our ancestor ‘Homo erectus’ and the Denisovans, relatives of the Neanderthals