At first glance, this agreement is surprising, given that our 5-fs pulse duration would be expected to introduce a roll-off at approximately 100 THz, with rapidly decreasing sensitivity at higher ...

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a basic concept that is employed in many areas of electronics. PWM is a simple averaging method that is used in everything from microwave power percentages to LED ...

We casually speak of digital audio, often referring to it as AES audio, perhaps AES3 (for the number of the AES standard), or by an older term AES/EBU. But what exactly is this AES3 signal? Here’s the ...

DSOs (digital oscilloscopes) offer a great many advantages over their analog equivalents but as they say, “There’s no such thing as a free lunch.” Digital scopes sample, digitize, and store waveforms ...

For the most part, the mechanisms of the natural world around us, including sound, operate in the analog domain. And so the transducers used to convert sound into electrical signals (microphones) and ...

Radio frequency (RF) refers to the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where electromagnetic waves can be generated by alternating current fed to an antenna. It spans from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz. RF ...

Radar is a remote sensing technique used to detect, locate, and analyze objects by emitting electromagnetic waves, more specifically microwaves, and measuring the time interval between the ...

When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works. Back in the early ’70s, the Moog vs. ARP “war” was just as passionate as the Mac vs. PC debate is ...

The flux-oriented control (FOC) is a commonly used technique for three-phase electric motor control application. Here, the applied voltage pattern is defined using the space vector modulation (SVM) ...